I like this idea for the weather aspect but I also like having those areas with different resources and vegetation. How would that work?
I think I've got how this works. In a very primitive form there is a base precipitation rate, for the sake of simplicity we'll go with low, medium and high.
Low precipitation -
----Desert: No rain, probably very hot.
----Forest: No rain, warm.
----Snow: No snow or rain, probably just cold.
Medium precipitation -
----Desert: No rain, probably warm.
----Forest: Light rain, cool.
----Snow: Light snow, probably very cold.
High precipitation -
----Desert: Light rain, probably warm.
----Forest: Heavy rain, cold.
----Snow: Heavy snow, probably freezing.
The resources and vegetation can stay the same for each biome but this brings a universal weather system to the world.