Another note about weapon/tool/clothing mods in general: Once you go into modding mode as mentioned above, compatible mods will have the 'gear' icon flashing green. If it isn't green, it won't go in. If it is green but still won't go in, it means that you already have a mod installed that cannot be combined with the other. Examples of this are the tempered blade/serrated blade or the shotgun tube extender/sawed-off mods.
In rare cases there are some mods that can stack on each other (though, the only one I can think of at the moment is the drone cargo mod). For the majority of mods, you can only have a single instance of the mod installed on an item.